Nous l'avons déjà évoqué : notre héroïne est issue de la Nation Mesquakie ou Fox dans la culture anglophone, connue comme Renard en France.
Aujourd'hui, nous vous proposons donc d'en apprendre un peu plus sur cette nation amérindienne originaire du Wisconsin et du Michigan, au sud-ouest des Grands Lacs.
Ce peuple est connu essentiellement à travers la Guerre des Fox qui eut lieu entre 1712 et 1730 environ. Bien que l'un de leur principaux Chef, Pémoussa, tentât de négocier avec le commandant Dubuisson et le gouverneur général de la Nouvelle-France Vaudreuil, aucun accord ne fut jamais trouvé entre les belligérants.
Au XVIIIème siècle, alors que les colons de la Nouvelle-France entretenaient des rapports plutôt cordiaux avec les autochtones comme les Iroquois (après les guerres iroquoises du XVIIème), les Outaouais ou les Illinois et établissaient des collaborations commerciales avec eux, les Renards opposaient une résistance farouche et leur bloquaient l'accès à la rivière Fox permettant aux bateaux français de passer de la région du Saint-Laurent vers le Mississippi pour transporter les marchandises vers les colonies de Louisiane.
Les Mascoutens et les Mesquakies étaient alliés de longue date et fréquemment en guerre contre les autres tribus des grands lacs, notamment les Outaouais qui comptaient parmi les meilleurs alliés des Français.
Une succession de circonstances dont nous reparlerons mena au siège et au massacre du campement Fox par les Français, les Outaouais et les Potéouatamis.
C'est durant cette période terrible pour son peuple que naquit Marie-Angélique, alors baptisée d'un nom mesquakie que nous ne connaîtrons jamais.
Sources en français
Biographie du chef Pémoussa :
E-book sur la guerre des Renards :
Biographie de Jaques-Charles Renaud Dubuisson :
Biographie du Marquis de Vaudreuil, gouverneur de la Nouvelle-France :
Communauté Mesquakie du Canada :
Culture Sauk et Mesquakie :
La Grande paix de Montréal :
Mesquakie
As we previously said our heroine comes from one Native American Nation, the Mesquakie,
named "Renards" in French and "Fox" in English.
We are inviting you to join us to learn a little bit more about this Native Nation
who was living in the current Wisconsina and Michigan US States, in South-West of the
Great Lakes.
This Nation is mostly known for the War that was underway by 1712
and ended in 1730 between them and the French Army.
Although one of the upper Fox leader tried to negociate with
the French local army leader Commandant Dubuisson and Mr Vaudreuil,
the local French gouvernor, no agreement has been signed between the belligerents
and war did not stop.
During the 18th Century, relationships between the French emigrants
and Natives Nations of the Iroquois (defeated during the 17th Century), the
Outaouais or the Illinois were globally peaceful and some business was
dealt. However the Foxes were strongly fighting with the Frenchs and
blocked the access to the Fox River. This access was important for the
Frenchs as it would have allow them to transport by boat goods and people
from the Saint Laurent colony in North to the Louisianne in South thanks to
the Mississippi River without using road of see boat along the English Colony coasts.
An other Native Nation, the Mascoutens, were allied to the Mesquakies for a
long time and were together frequently in war with other neighboring Native Nations and
especially the Outaouais who were allied to the Frenchs.
This situation and a serie of events we will discuss further later was the cause of the
massacre of the Fox camp by the Frenchs, the Outaouais and the Poteouatamis.
A Mesquakie child was born in the middle of this period. We will
never know how she was initially called but she is known in the History Book
by the name that some Europeans gave to her later: Marie-Angélique!
As we previously said our heroine comes from one Native American Nation, the Mesquakie,
named "Renards" in French and "Fox" in English.
We are inviting you to join us to learn a little bit more about this Native Nation
who was living in the current Wisconsina and Michigan US States, in South-West of the
Great Lakes.
This Nation is mostly known for the War that was underway by 1712
and ended in 1730 between them and the French Army.
Although one of the upper Fox leader tried to negociate with
the French local army leader Commandant Dubuisson and Mr Vaudreuil,
the local French gouvernor, no agreement has been signed between the belligerents
and war did not stop.
During the 18th Century, relationships between the French emigrants
and Natives Nations of the Iroquois (defeated during the 17th Century), the
Outaouais or the Illinois were globally peaceful and some business was
dealt. However the Foxes were strongly fighting with the Frenchs and
blocked the access to the Fox River. This access was important for the
Frenchs as it would have allow them to transport by boat goods and people
from the Saint Laurent colony in North to the Louisianne in South thanks to
the Mississippi River without using road of see boat along the English Colony coasts.
An other Native Nation, the Mascoutens, were allied to the Mesquakies for a
long time and were together frequently in war with other neighboring Native Nations and
especially the Outaouais who were allied to the Frenchs.
This situation and a serie of events we will discuss further later was the cause of the
massacre of the Fox camp by the Frenchs, the Outaouais and the Poteouatamis.
A Mesquakie child was born in the middle of this period. We will
never know how she was initially called but she is known in the History Book
by the name that some Europeans gave to her later: Marie-Angélique!
Sources in english
Ebook, The Fox War :
Chief Pemoussa's biography :
Jaques-Charles Renaud Dubuisson's biography
Marquis de Vaudreuil's biography
Great peace of Montreal :
Different names of Fox :
Forum italien riche en iconographie : http://www.farwest.it/new/index.php?topic=3160.75
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